顺酐，也被称为氧代环戊烷，是一种无色液体，具有强烈的刺激性气味。它是一种重要的有机合成原料，广泛用于制造药品、香料、染料和塑料等产品。然而，顺酐同时也是一种危险物质，可能对人们的健康造成威胁。

Maleic anhydride, also known as oxocyclopentane, is a colorless liquid with a strong irritating odor. It is an important organic synthetic raw material widely used in the manufacturing of products such as pharmaceuticals, spices, dyes, and plastics. However, maleic anhydride is also a hazardous substance that may pose a threat to people's health.

顺酐的主要危害在于其蒸气和液体对皮肤、眼睛、呼吸系统和消化系统的刺激作用。接触顺酐可能引起皮肤和眼睛的刺痛、红肿和灼伤，吸入高浓度的顺酐蒸气可能导致头痛、晕眩、嗜睡、昏迷和呼吸困难。长期暴露于低浓度的顺酐蒸气中还可能导致鼻腔和喉咙的慢性炎症和感染，甚可能对肝脏、肺部和神经系统产生不可逆的损害。

The main harm of maleic anhydride lies in its steam and liquid irritating effects on the skin, eyes, respiratory system, and digestive system. Exposure to maleic anhydride may cause skin and eye irritation, redness, swelling, and burns. Inhaling high concentrations of maleic anhydride vapor may cause headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, coma, and difficulty breathing. Long term exposure to low concentrations of maleic anhydride vapor may also lead to chronic inflammation and infection of the nose and throat, and may even cause irreversible damage to the liver, lungs, and central nervous system.

因此，在使用顺酐时，必须采取措施来保护自身的健康。，应当避免直接接触顺酐，如需要操作顺酐时应佩戴适当的防护手套、护目镜和呼吸面罩。其次，在顺酐的存储和使用过程中要注意防火防爆措施。由于顺酐易燃，并且可以与许多物质发生反应，因此必须将其储存在干燥、通风和避光的地方，并远离火源和氧化剂。在使用过程中，也要避免将顺酐与其他物质混合，以免产生危险反应。

Therefore, when using maleic anhydride, safety measures must be taken to protect one's own health. Firstly, direct contact with maleic anhydride should be avoided. If it is necessary to operate maleic anhydride, appropriate protective gloves, goggles, and respiratory masks should be worn. Secondly, fire and explosion prevention measures should be taken during the storage and use of maleic anhydride. Due to its flammability and ability to react with many substances, maleic anhydride must be stored in a dry, ventilated, and dark place, away from sources of fire and oxidants. During use, it is also important to avoid mixing maleic anhydride with other substances to avoid dangerous reactions.

如果不慎接触了顺酐，应立即采取适当的急救措施。对于皮肤和眼睛的接触，应用大量清水冲洗，少持续15分钟，必要时寻求医疗帮助；对于吸入顺酐蒸气引起的中毒，应将患者移空气新鲜的地方，并在医疗帮助到达前尽快对其进行人工呼吸和其他急救措施。

If accidentally exposed to maleic anhydride, appropriate first aid measures should be taken immediately. For skin and eye contact, rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, and seek medical help if necessary; For poisoning caused by inhaling maleic anhydride vapor, the patient should be moved to a place with fresh air and given artificial respiration and other emergency measures as soon as possible before medical assistance arrives.

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